5, 7– 9, 12, 13 Some authors have suggested that popular music provides adolescents with the means to resolve unconscious conflicts related to their particular developmental stage 2, 7, 12, 14 and that their music preference might reflect the level of turmoil of this stage. 2 Adolescents use music in their process of identity formation, 4– 11 and their music preference provides them a means to achieve group identity and integration into the youth culture. 2, 4 Music also can provide a background for romance and serve as the basis for establishing relationships in diverse settings. Some studies have reported that adolescents use popular music to deal with loneliness and to take control of their emotional status or mood. 2 Music provides entertainment and distraction from problems and serves as a way to relieve tension and boredom. 1– 3 Listening to popular music is considered by society to be a part of growing up.

Music plays an important role in the socialization of children and adolescents. Furthermore, with the evidence portrayed in these studies, it is essential for pediatricians and parents to take a stand regarding music lyrics. Pediatricians and parents should be aware of this information. As with popular music, the perception and the effect of music-video messages are important, because research has reported that exposure to violence, sexual messages, sexual stereotypes, and use of substances of abuse in music videos might produce significant changes in behaviors and attitudes of young viewers. A teenager's preference for certain types of music could be correlated or associated with certain behaviors. Lyrics have become more explicit in their references to drugs, sex, and violence over the years, particularly in certain genres.

The effect that popular music has on children's and adolescents' behavior and emotions is of paramount concern. Research on popular music has explored its effects on schoolwork, social interactions, mood and affect, and particularly behavior.

Parents often are unaware of the lyrics to which their children are listening because of the increasing use of downloaded music and headphones. Popular music is present almost everywhere, and it is easily available through the radio, various recordings, the Internet, and new technologies, allowing adolescents to hear it in diverse settings and situations, alone or shared with friends.

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